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Super Bowl XXXVIII – which was broadcast live on February 1, 2004, from Houston, Texas, on the CBS television network in the United States – was noted for a controversial halftime show in which Janet Jackson's breast, adorned with a nipple shield, was exposed by Justin Timberlake for about half a second, in what was later referred to as a "wardrobe malfunction".〔 Also published by CNN.com as "(Apologetic Jackson says 'costume reveal' went awry )".〕 The incident, sometimes referred to as Nipplegate,〔 CNN.com published this story in an earlier version as "(Janet Jackson takes responsibility for breast-baring )".〕 was widely discussed. Along with the rest of the halftime show, it led to an immediate crackdown and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting.〔 The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) fined CBS a record US$550,000 which was fought in the Supreme Court,〔 Also published by CBSNews.com as "(CBS Dealt Record Fine Over Janet )".〕 but that fine was appealed and ultimately voided by the Third Circuit Court of Appeals in a 2011 ruling, and a case to reinstate the fine was refused in 2012. The incident was ridiculed both within the United States and abroad; some American commentators saw the incident as a sign of decreasing morality in the national culture, while others considered the incident harmless and felt that it received an undue amount of attention and backlash.〔 The increased regulation of broadcasting raised concerns regarding censorship and free speech in the United States, and the FCC increased the fine per indecency violation from US$27,500 to US$325,000 shortly after the event. The halftime show that year was produced by MTV and was themed around the network's Rock the Vote campaign due to the event occurring during a presidential election year. Following the wardrobe incident, the National Football League (NFL) announced that MTV, which also produced the halftime show for Super Bowl XXXV, would not be involved in any halftime shows in the future. The exposure was broadcast to a total audience of 143.6 million viewers. YouTube co-founder Jawed Karim claims that this incident was what led to the creation of the video sharing website. The incident also made "Janet Jackson" the most searched term, event and image in internet history, as well as the most searched person and term of 2004 and 2005. The incident also broke the record for "most searched event over one day". Jackson was later listed in the 2007 edition of ''Guinness World Records'' as "Most Searched in Internet History" and the "Most Searched for News Item". It became the most watched, recorded and replayed television moment in TiVo history and "enticed an estimated 35,000 new () subscribers to sign up". The incident also coined the phrase "wardrobe malfunction", which was later added to the ''Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary''. Following the incident, media conglomerates involved with the broadcast who were fined by the FCC, including Viacom and CBS, their co-owned subsidiaries MTV and Infinity Broadcasting, and Clear Channel Communications, enforced a blacklist of Jackson's singles and music videos on many radio formats and music channels worldwide. The blacklisting and denouncement of Jackson was considered to be "one of the saddest things in pop music over the last decade". In January 2014, former FCC chairman Michael Powell stated that the controversy, fines, and reaction to the incident were overblown, and also said Jackson did not deserve the harsh treatment and blacklisting she had received in the media. Powell also considered it "unfair" that Timberlake did not receive the same effect and backlash that Jackson had endured. ==Background and development== In 2002, ''Entertainment Weekly'' reported that Jackson was the original choice to perform at the halftime show for Super Bowl XXXVI, however the NFL ultimately decided to select U2 to headline it after a group of NFL owners and officials attended the band's concert in New York City shortly after the September 11 attacks. In September 2003, the NFL announced that Jackson would be the headline performer of the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show. Because the event was occurring during an election year, MTV decided that the show's theme would heavily focus on the network's "Rock the Vote" campaign, which encouraged younger viewers to be politically active and register to vote. Prior to the incident, Jackson notably had an essential role in Timberlake's personal life, career, and rise to fame. Timberlake attended Jackson's ''Rhythm Nation Tour'' as an adolescent, and Jackson's energetic dance routines and daring performing style made a deep impression on him. While Timberlake was a member of pop group 'N Sync, Jackson selected the boy band as the opening act for many dates of her blockbuster ''Velvet Rope World Tour'', which helped promote and introduce the then-relatively unknown group and Timberlake to the public worldwide. Timberlake said he was "psyched" and later described the experience as "fulfilling".〔 While on the tour, Jackson further promoted the group by performing with 'N Sync on several dates, including joining the group for a live a capella duet of Stevie Wonder's "Overjoyed", which a biography stated was a "highlight" moment for Timberlake which "gave Justin a chance to show his family and friends how far he had come". Following the tour, Timberlake and Jackson became "good friends", with Jackson also praising Timberlake. Timberlake recreated Jackson's "That's the Way Love Goes" video with 'N Sync and was inspired by Jackson's performing style. Timberlake had frequently mentioned admiring Jackson in many interviews during this time and throughout the following few years preceding the incident.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.angelfire.com/ny2/nsyncandbsboysrfyne/justinchat.html )〕 When asked who he thought was "the sexiest woman on the planet", Timberlake had said "I've thought Janet Jackson has nothing but sex appeal, so I'd probably say her."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.angelfire.com/me2/NSYNCLane/justinarticle.html )〕 Timberlake later asked Jackson to sing backing vocals on "(And She Said) Take Me Now", a song from his debut solo album ''Justified'' which was initially planned to be released as a single, commenting "I wrote the chorus from a girl's perspective, and I just thought we should get a female on the part. Her name was the first that popped up in my head just because I love her voice. It sounds like feathers. I mean, she sounds like an angel." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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